التصنيفات
اللغة الإنجليزية السنة اولى متوسط

Basic English Grammar



Basic English Grammar
The Present Simple

متى نستخدم المضارع البسيط؟

نستخدم المضارع البسيط للتحدث عن شيء يتكرر في الحاضر مثلا:

I go to school everyday
أذهب إلى المدرسة كل يوم.

The sun rises in the East
الشمس تطلع من الشرق.

2. كيف يتكون المضارع البسيط؟

I play
You play
she plays
He plays
It plays
We play
They play

نلاحظ أن الفعل في المضارع البسيط يكون في أصله ما عدا مع الضمائر he she it حيث يأخذ حرف s في آخره.

3. كيف يتكون النفي في المضارع البسيط ؟

يتكون النفي في المضارع البسيط باضافة Don’t/ Doesn’t قبل اصل الفعل
I don’t play
You don’t play
She doesn’t play
He doesn’t play
It doesn’t play
We dpn’t play
You don’t play
They don’t play

4 . كيف نكون السؤال في المضارع البسيط؟

يتكون السؤال في المضارع البسيط بإضافة do أو does قبل الفاعل.

?Do I play
?DO You play
?Does She play
?Does He play
?Does It play
?Do We play
?Do You play
?Do They play

The Past Simple
الماضي البسيط

1. نستخدم الماضي البسيط لنتحدث عن شئ حصل و انتهى في الماضي.مثلا:

Last week* I played volleyball
Three years ago* I visited Dubai
Yesterday* Ali watched a film on T.V

ملاحظة: هذه بعض الكلمات التي تخبرنا على أن الجملة في الماضي البسيط … yesterday -ago -last

2. كيف نكون الماضي البسيط؟

يتكون الماضي البسيط بإضافة ed إلى آخر الفعل.

I played
You played She played
He played
It played
We played
You played
They played

ملاحظة: تنطبق هذه القاعدة على جميع الأفعال ما عدا الأفعال الشاذة.

3. كيف نكون النفي في الماضي البسيط ؟

يتكون النفي في الماضي البسيط بإضافة كلمة didn’t قبل مصدر الفعل.

I didn’t play
She didn’t play
He didn’t play
It didn’t play
We didn’t play
You didn’t play
They didn’t play

كيف نطرح السؤال في الماضي البسيط؟

نكون السؤال في الماضي البسيط بوضع كلمة did قبل الفاعل و نضع التصريف الأول للفعل بعد الفاعل.

Did I play
Did You play
Did She play
Did He play
Did We play
Did You play
Did They play

The Present Perfect

المضارع التام

1. متى نستخدم المضارع التام؟

نستخدم المضارع التام للتحدث عن شئ بدأ في الماضي و مازال مستمرا إلى وقتنا الحاضر.

مثال:

I have lived in this town for 10 years
أسكن في هذه المدينة لمدة عشر سنوات.
(في هذا المثال الحدث بدأ قبل عشر سنوات و ما زال مستمرا إلى الآن)

My father has worked in the same factory since 1984
والدي يشتغل في نفس المصنع منذ 1984.
( نفس الشئ في هذا المثال. أبي بدأ العمل في هذا المصنع سنة 1984 و مازال يشتغل فيه لغاية الآن).

2. كيف يتكون المضارع التام؟

يتكون المضارع التام بوضع have / has + past participle

I have played
You have played
She has played
He has played
It has played
We have played
You have played
They have played

3. كيف يتكون النفي في المضارع التام؟

يتكون النفي في المضارع التام بوضع كلمة ليس بين have/has و past participle .

I have Not played
You have Not played
He Has Not played
She Has Not played
It has Not palyed
We have Not played
You have Not played
They have Not played

4. كيف نطرح السؤال في المضارع التام؟

يتكون السؤال في المضارع التام بوضع have/has مكان الفاعل و الفاعل مكان have/has

?Have I played
?Have You played
?Has She played
?Has He played
?Has It played
?Have We played
?Have You played
?Have They played

ملاحظة: يمكن أن نستخدم الصيغة الكاملة لكلمة have/has أو الصيغة المختصرة و يبقى المعنى هو نفسه.

مثلا: يمكننا أن نقول:

I have played football أو I’ ve played football

He has lived here for a long time أو He’ s lived here for a long time

The present Continuous

المضارع المستمر

1. متى نستخدم المضارع المستمر

نستخدم المضارع المستمر للتحدث عن شئ يحصل الآن

مثلا:
I am writing an exercise now
Ali is playing football now
The children are writing at the moment

2. تركيبة المضارع المستمر

يتكون المضارع المستمر من (am/are / is )+ verb + ing

I am playing
You are playing
She is playing
He is playing
It is playing
We are playing
You are playing
They are playing

يستخدم المضارع المستمر غالبا مع هذه الكلمات:now / at the moment

3. صيغة النفي في المضارع المستمر

يتكون النفي في المضارع المستمر بوضع كلمة ليس بعد ( am / are / is )

I am Not playing
You are Not playing
She is Not playing
He is Not playing
It is Not playing
We are Not playing
You are Not playing
They are Not playing

4. صيغة السؤال في المضارع المستمر

يتكون السؤال في المضارع المستمر بوضع (am / is / are )مكان الفاعل و الفاعل مكان ( am / are / is )

?Am I playing
?Are You playing
?Is He playing
?Is She playing
?Is It playing
?Are We playing
?Are You playing
?Are They playing

The Past Continuous

الماضي المستمر

1. متى نستخدم الماضي المستمر؟

نستخدم الماضي المستمر للتحدث عن شئ استمر لمدة معينة في الماضي

مثلا
Yesterday from 7.00 to 8.00 I was watching T.V
Yesterday at 5 O’clock * Ali was reading
Aisha and her sister were playing

2. كيف نكون الماضي المستمر؟

يتكون الماضي المستمر بإضافة كلمة was أو were قبل الفعل و إضافة ing إلى نهاية الفعل.

I was playing
You were playing
He was playing
She was playing
It was playing
We were playing
You were playing
They were playing


شـكــ وبارك الله فيك ـــرا لك … لك مني أجمل تحية .

thank u very much ………………………go on

التصنيفات
علــوم وتقنيــات Sciences Technique

Basic Electrical Engineering ↓

تعليم_الجزائر
Basic Electrical Engineering

Technical Publications | ISBN: 8184316941 | 2022 | PDF | 625 pages | 30 MB

1. GENERAL:
Concept of e.m.f., p,d.; and Current Resistance; Effect of Temperature on Resistance. Resistance temperature Coefficient; Insulation Resistance; S.I. Units of Work; Power and Energy Conversion of Energy from One Form to Another in Electrical; Mechanical and Thermal Systems. Batteries and Cells; Their Types; Current Capacity and Cell Ratings; Charging and Discharging of Batteries; Series and Parallel Battery Connections; Maintenance Procedure

2. D.C. CIRCUITS :
Classification of Electric Networks; Ohm’s Law; Kirchhoff’s Laws and Their Applications for Networks Solutions Simplification of Networks Using Series and Parallel Combinations and Star-Delta Transformation; Superposition Theorem; Thevenin’s Theorem; Norton’s Theorem and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

3. ELECTROMAGNETISM :
Magnetic Effect of Electric Current; Cross and Dot Convention; Right Hand Thumb Rule and Cork Screw Rule. Nature of Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Conductor; Solenoid and Toroid. Concept of m m f.. Flux; Flux Density; Reluctance; Permeability and Field Strength; Their Units and Relationships; Simple Series and Simple Parallel Magnetic Circuits. Comparison of Electric and Magnetic Circuits. Force on a Current Carrying Conductor Placed in a Magnetic Field. Fleming’s Left Hand Rule; Force Between two Long Parallel Current Carrying Conductors Placed in Vacuum; Definition of Unit of Ampere; Electromagnetic Induction : Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction; Statically and Dynamically Induced e.m.f; Self and Mutual Inductance; Coefficient of Coupling Energy Stored in Magnetic Field. Descriptive Treatment of B-H Curve; Hysteresis Loop; Hysteresis Loss and Eddy Current Loss

4. ELECTROSTATICS AND A.C. FUNDAMENTALS :
A. Electrostatic Field; Electric Flux Density; Electric Field Strength; Absolute Permittivity; Relative Permittivity; Dielectric Strength; Capacitance and Capacitor. Composite Dielectric Capacitors. Capacitors in Series and Parallel. Energy Stored in a Capacitor. Charging and Discharging of Capacitor and Time Constant

B. Sinusoidal Voltages and Currents; Their Mathematical and Graphical Representation. Concept of Instantaneous; Peak; Average and r.m.s; Values; Cycle; Period; Frequency; Peak Factor and Form Factor; Phase Difference. Phasor Representation and Indication of Phase Difference in it Rectangular and Polar Representation Phasors

5. SINGLE PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS :
Study of A.C. Circuits Consisting of Purely Resistive; Purely Inductive; Purely Capacitive Type and Corresponding Voltage-Current Phasor Diagram Concept of Reactance. Study of Series and Parallel Circuits Consisting of Resistance; Inductance and Capacitance; Combinations to Develop the Concepts of Impedance; Admittance; Conductance; Susceptance and Relevant Voltage-Current Phasor Diagram. Resonance in Series R-L-C Circuit and Parallel R-L-C Circuit; Concept of Volt-Ampere; Power Factor and Power

6. POLYPHASE A.C. CIRCUITS AND SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS :
A. Polyphase A. C Circuits : Concepts of Three-Phase Supply and Phase Sequence. Current and Power Relation in Three Phase Balanced Star and Delta-Connected Loads Along With the Phasor Diagrams

B. Single Phase Transformers : Construction; Principle of Working; e.m.f. Equation; Voltage and Current Ratios. Losses; Definition of Regulation and Efficiency. Determination of These by Direct Loading Method. (Descriptive Treatment of Autotransformers and Dimmerstats

تعليم_الجزائر

Download Links: